It is important to remember that the characteristics of the infection itself – its persistence and ability to spread – have a major impact on the ability to become infected. Chickenpox, for example, can be contracted through three floors.

 This infection has been named "chickenpox" due to its infectiousness. Its propagation occurs as if with the speed of the wind. A child can contract chickenpox by entering an elevator after a sick person. After the appearance of a sick child in school or kindergarten, after a while most children fall ill.

Chickenpox is one of the most common childhood diseases. In recent years, the incidence of chickenpox in Russia has almost doubled. Mostly children aged 1 to 10 years old are ill, the maximum incidence is observed among children aged 3-4 years. Children under 6 months practically do not get sick with chickenpox, because the mother passes on her own immunity to them through the placenta and during breastfeeding. The peak incidence is observed in the autumn-winter period.

Chickenpox is an acute viral infection with airborne transmission, characterized by the appearance of a rash on the skin and mucous membranes in the form of small bubbles.

The causative agent of chickenpox is the Varicella zoster virus, which belongs to the herpesvirus family. In the external environment, the virus is unstable and dies quickly.

The only source of infection is humans. The susceptibility to chickenpox is very high.

Patients become infectious at the end of the incubation period (48 hours before the onset of the rash) and until the 5th day after the onset of the last element of the rash.

The route of transmission of infection is airborne.

Viruses are secreted in large quantities when sneezing, coughing, talking. Transmission of the virus from mother to fetus during pregnancy is also possible. No transmission of infection is possible through third parties. There is also no chance of bringing the virus home on shoes and clothes.

Due to the high volatility of the virus, its spread is possible from floor to floor, at a distance of up to 20 meters. It is important to remember that the characteristics of the infection itself – its persistence and ability to spread – have a major impact on the ability to become infected. Chickenpox, for example, can be contracted through three floors.  

Chickenpox in adults is much more severe than in children and can cause serious complications.

The incubation period lasts from 10 to 21 days (usually 14-17 days).

In children, the disease begins with a rise in temperature to 38.5 - 39 ° C, weakness, decreased appetite, and headache are noted. The child becomes moody, refuses to eat. Simultaneously with the rise in temperature, a rash appears. The severity of the fever corresponds to the abundance of the rash. The duration of the fever is 3-5 days. Each new rash is accompanied by a rise in body temperature. The rash first looks like red spots, which turn into papules within a few hours, then into bubbles, and after 1-2 days a crust remains at the site of the rash. The size of the bubbles is comparable to the size of a pinhead. After the crust falls off, a red spot remains, sometimes a scar. The first elements of the rash usually appear on the skin of the face, scalp, back, abdomen, chest, shoulders, and thighs. The rash is usually absent on the palms and soles. Children are very worried about the itching of chickenpox vesicles, and therefore children often comb them, peel them off, after which a scar remains, and suppuration is also possible due to the addition of a secondary bacterial infection. There are cases when only single elements appear throughout the disease, or even the rash is absent. Such cases are found mainly in children.

Recovery occurs no earlier than 10 days after the rash.

Chickenpox is considered a benign disease, however, in some cases, severe complications can develop. Among the complications of chickenpox, the most common are purulent skin lesions - boils, abscesses, etc. Specific pneumonia is severe, and the most formidable complication of this infection is damage to the central nervous system in the form of encephalitis or meningitis.

Among the adult population, the most common complication is pneumonia, and in newborns "congenital varicella syndrome", when a pregnant woman has had the disease in early pregnancy.

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